Tag: powershell

Copy files with PowerShell Remoting

Recently, at work, I found myself in the situation where I needed to copy some file from my workstation to a jump box. Now of course, on Linux I’d just use rsync or scp. But our IT doesn’t like provisioning Linux boxes and therefore uses Windows for jump servers too, so no luck here. Luckily, I could convince them to turn on and allow PowerShell Remoting, so with some simple scripts I can still easily copy files over without using SMB and looking at more hassle with IT.

function Copy-LocalToRemote(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $LocalPath,
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $RemotePath,
    $ComputerName = 'my.default.target.host'
) {
    Invoke-Command -ComputerName $ComputerName `
        {
            param($path, $content)
            Set-Content -Path $path -Value $content `
                -AsByteStream
        } `
        -ArgumentList $RemotePath,(
            Get-Content $LocalPath Raw -AsByteStream)
}

function Copy-RemoteToLocal(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $RemotePath,
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $LocalPath,
    $ComputerName = 'my.default.source.host'
) {
    Invoke-Command -ComputerName $ComputerName `
        {
            param($path)
            Get-Content -Path $path -Raw -AsByteStream
        } `
        -ArgumentList $RemotePath |
    Set-Content -Path $LocalPath -AsByteStream
}

New-Alias -Name 'ltr' -Value 'Copy-LocalToRemote'
New-Alias -Name 'rtl' -Value 'Copy-RemoteToLocal'

As you can see, this is quite simple. Obviously, functions above can only copy one file at a time though. Maybe in the future I’ll build something that can copy entire file structures recursively. I also haven’t spent any time looking at how efficient it is to pass streams this way. In fact, I wouldn’t be surprised at all if this would perform poorly for large files. But then again, I’m mostly pushing around scripts and config files, so this works just fine.

PowerShell Script to trace OCS Components

Tracing OCS components may be vital in troubleshooting various issues you may face in your deployment. On machines where you have OCS components installed, you’ll typically find a tool called OCSLogger.exe which allows you to start/stop/view traces of OCS components. However, sometimes this is not enough, for instance when you see problems at the startup of a machine. It’s kind of hard to run the GUI if you cannot logon yet. But you can typically run a scheduled task. Or maybe you are — just like me — more like the console guy and thus want to have a script/cmdline tool for everything.

Let’s start with the config file used by the script (TraceConfig.xml) which defines the components you want to trace, to what level the traces are supposed to be and some more things. The sample given here traces mostly the components which are useful in troubleshooting issues related to the Response Group Service of OCS.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Config>
    <!--
        Levels:
            TL_FATAL        1
            TL_ERROR        2
            TL_WARN         3
            TL_INFO         4
            TL_VERBOSE      5
            TL_NOISE        6

        Flags:
            TF_COMPONENT    0x00000001
            TF_PROTOCOL     0x00000002
            TF_CONNECTION   0x00000004
            TF_SECURITY     0x00000008
            TF_DIAG         0x00000010
            TF_AUTH         0x00000020
            TF_PARSE        0x00000040
            TF_NETWORK      0x00000080
            TF_STACKTRACE   0x00000100
    -->
    <Default Level="6" Flags="0xffff" />
    <Paths Tracer="C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Communications Server 2007 R2\Tracing"
           Etl="D:\Tracing"
           Log="D:\Tracing"
           TmfSearchPath="C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Communications Server 2007 R2\Tracing">
    </Paths>
    <Components>
        <Component Name="LcsWMI" Enabled="no" />
        <Component Name="LcsWMIUserServices" Enabled="no" />

        <Component Name="PowerShell" Enabled="yes" />

        <Component Name="ApplicationServer" Enabled="yes" />

        <Component Name="RgsClientsLib" Enabled="yes" />
        <Component Name="RgsCommonLibrary" Enabled="yes" />
        <Component Name="RgsDatastores" Enabled="yes" />
        <Component Name="RgsDeploymentApi" Enabled="yes" />
        <Component Name="RgsDeploymentLibrary" Enabled="yes" />
        <Component Name="RgsDiagnostics" Enabled="yes" />
        <Component Name="RgsHostingFramework" Enabled="yes" />
        <Component Name="RgsMatchMakingService" Enabled="yes" />
    </Components>
</Config>

I added the most importan trace levels and flags in the comment. Right now, the Default element defines the levels and flags for all components, but there’s no reason why you shouldn’t be able to do that per component you want to trace.

The PS1 script itself (Tracer.ps1) heavily relies on the OcsTracer.exe tool which also comes with OCS and is typically installed in the same place as OcsLogger.exe. It has four main actions:

  1. Start tracing components
  2. Stop tracing components and format the traces
  3. Format traces of ETL files (e.g. from a different machine)
  4. Show the configuration details from a particular config XML file
<#
.SYNOPSIS
        Starts or Stops tracing of Office Communications Server components.
.DESCRIPTION
        Starts or Stops tracing of Office Communications Server components.
.PARAMETER Action
        The action to perform. Must be one of 'Start', 'Stop', 'Config' or
        'Format'.
.PARAMETER ConfigPath
        The path to the configuration XML file. If not specified,
        "TraceConfig.xml" is used.
.LINK
        This script was originally posted to
        http://www.cymbeline.ch/post/2009/12/11/PowerShell-Script-to-trace-OCS-Components.aspx
.EXAMPLE
        .\Tracer.ps1 Start

        Starts tracing all the enabled components from the "TraceConfig.xml" file.
.EXAMPLE
        .\Tracer.ps1 Stop

        Stops tracing all the enabled components from the "TraceConfig.xml" file
        and formats the traces.
.EXAMPLE
        .\Tracer.ps1 Format "MyOtherConfig.xml"

        Formats the traces of the enabled components from the "MyOtherConfig.xml"
        file with all the settings from the "MyOtherConfig.xml" file.
.EXAMPLE
        .\Tracer.ps1 Config

        Shows the configuration of the "TraceConfig.xml" file.
#>
param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
    [ValidateSet("Start", "Stop", "Config", "Format", IgnoreCase=$true)]
    [String] $Action,
    [String] $ConfigPath = "TraceConfig.xml"
)

$configXml = ((Get-Content $ConfigPath))
$tracerPath = $configXml.Config.Paths.Tracer
$etlDir = $configXml.Config.Paths.Etl
$logDir = $configXml.Config.Paths.Log
$tmfSearchPath = $configXml.Config.Paths.TmfSearchPath

# Construct the parameters for the 'Start' command to OcsTracer.exe
function getStartParams()
{
    $ret = @()

    $configXml.Config.Components.Component |
        ? {$_.Enabled -eq "yes"} |
        foreach {
            $ret = $ret +
                ("/Component:" + $_.Name + "," + $configXml.Config.Default.Level +
                    "," + $configXml.Config.Default.Flags + " ")
        }

    return $ret
}

# Construct the parameters for the 'Stop' command to OcsTracer.exe
function getStopParams()
{
    $ret = @()

    $configXml.Config.Components.Component |
        ? {$_.Enabled -eq "yes"} |
        foreach { $ret = $ret + ("/Component:" + $_.Name) }

    return $ret
}

# Format the ETL files for enabled components to a human readable format
function formatFiles(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
    [String] $Timestamp
)
{
    md $logDir\$timestamp -ea silentlycontinue | Out-Null

    $configXml.Config.Components.Component |
        ? {$_.Enabled -eq "yes"} |
        foreach {
            $etlFile = $_.Name + ".etl";

            if (Test-Path $etlFile)
            {
                $logFile = $Timestamp + "\" + $Timestamp + "_" + $_.Name + ".log";

                & "$tracerPath\OcsTracer.exe" Format /LogFilePath:"$etlDir\$etlFile" /OutputFile:"$logDir\$logFile" /TmfSearchPath:"$tmfSearchPath" | Write-Verbose
            }
            else
            {
                Write-Warning "File $etlFile not found.";
            }
        }
}

Write-Host "Using Config File: $ConfigPath"
$timestamp = Get-Date -format "yyyy-MM-dd_HH.mm.ss"

if ($Action -eq "start")
{
    Write-Host "Removing all .etl files ..."
    ls $etlDir *.etl | ri

    Write-Host "Start tracing components ..."
    $params = getStartParams

    & "$tracerPath\OcsTracer.exe" Start $params /LogFileFolder:"$etlDir" | Write-Verbose
}
elseif ($Action -eq "stop")
{
    Write-Host "Stop tracing components ..."
    $params = getStopParams

    md $logDir\$timestamp | Out-Null

    & "$tracerPath\OcsTracer.exe" Stop $params /OutputFile:"$logDir\$timestamp\$($timestamp)_All.log" /TmfSearchPath:"$tmfSearchPath" | Write-Verbose

    if (!$?)
    {
        rd $logDir\$timestamp | Out-Null
    }
    else
    {
        Write-Host "Sessions stopped. Start formatting ..."
        formatFiles $timestamp
    }
}
elseif ($Action -eq "format")
{
    Write-Host "Formatting traces from ETL files ..."
    formatFiles $timestamp
}
elseif ($Action -eq "config")
{
    Write-Host "Default values"
    Write-Host "--------------"
    $configXml.Config.Default | ft Level,Flags

    Write-Host "Paths"
    Write-Host "-----"
    $configXml.Config.Paths | fl

    Write-Host "Components"
    Write-Host "----------"
    $configXml.Config.Components.Component | ft Name,Enabled
}
else
{
    Write-Error "Unknown action."
}

For samples on how to run the script, please run man .\Tracer.ps1 -Examples
Have fun 🙂

Finding the Private Key File of Certificates

At work, I have created multiple tools which we used to analyse and fix issues related to certificates that we use with Office Communications Server and their respective private key files. To summarize, a user/service who wants to use the certificate for authentication needs to have read access on the private key. If it doesn’t, you’ll typically see a strange error which many people don’t relate to missing ACLs on the private key file.

Now these days, you don’t need to write such tools anymore. PowerShell allows you to pretty much do everything you need in this area. Let’s look at the following PS script (let’s call it FindPrivateKey.ps1) which accepts a parameter of type System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2, i.e. a reference to the certificate you want to analyze.

param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
    [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2]
    $Certificate
)

echo "Looking for private key file of certificate"
echo $Certificate
echo ""
echo "The private key file is '$($Certificate.PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.UniqueKeyContainerName)'"
echo ""

$file = ls $env:userprofile -Filter $Certificate.PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.UniqueKeyContainerName -Recurse -Force -EA SilentlyContinue
echo "It is located at '$($file.FullName)'."

I guess I do not need to mention that you can easily find the certificate you’re interested in by running something like

pushd cert:\CurrentUser\My
ls
$cert = gci 0DAC31905AEB722D8561BFAF3F3BFD2F551AA197
popd
.\FindPrivateKey.ps1 $cert

where ‘0DAC31905AEB722D8561BFAF3F3BFD2F551AA197’ is simply the thumbprint of the certificate we’re interested in. From here on it should be easy to check what ACLs the file has (run $file.GetAccessControl()) and to modify them (run $file.SetAccessControl()).